Sustainable development

Housing/residential facilities

Architects' Journal

AJ Focus Insulation and energy management. AJ Focus 01.94, 1994
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British Standards Institution

BS 8211-1:1988 Energy efficiency in housing. Code of practice for energy efficient refurbishment of housing, 1988
Factors which influence energy use are listed, together with procedures enabling the relationship between energy use, internal and external environment and capital and running costs to be explored and evaluated. A calculation method for estimating energy use and costs is included. Should be read in conjunction with BS 5250, BS 5720, BS 5925 and BS 5618, BS 6232:Parts 1 and 2, BS 6676:Parts 1 and 2, BS 8208:Parts 1 and 2 where appropriate.
View Energy efficiency in housing. Code of practice for energy efficient refurbishment of housing in The Construction Information Service

Building Research Energy Conservation Support Unit

Government's Standard Assessment Procedure for energy rating of dwellings (including errata). 2001 edition. SAP 2001, 2001
Describes the governments Standard Assessment Procedure (SAP) for reproducing an energy cost rating (SAP rating) and a carbon index (CI) for a dwelling, based upon calculated annual energy use for space and water heating. The calculated SAP rating of a dwelling, is regardless of building size, and is expressed on a scale of 1 to 120, a higher number being a better result.
View Government's Standard Assessment Procedure for energy rating of dwellings (including errata). 2001 edition. SAP 2001 in The Construction Information Service

Government's Standard Assessment Procedure for energy rating of dwellings. Conventions for SAP home energy rating - assessors' instructions. 2nd edition, 1997
The conventions in this document form part of the system for delivering SAP home energy ratings. They should be read in conjunction with the Standard Assessment Procedure itself (reproduced in the 1995 edition of Approved Document Part L of the Building Regulations for England and Wales. It is important, for reasons of reliability and consistency, that the latest edition of the conventions is used when delivering SAP ratings. They replace the first edition and provide interim guidance which will be updated in the Autumn of 1998, when a full update the Standard Assessment Procedure will be undertaken.
View Government's Standard Assessment Procedure for energy rating of dwellings. Conventions for SAP home energy rating - assessors' instructions. 2nd edition in The Construction Information Service

Good Practice Case Study 2 Improved insulation and heating of high-rise flats in Sandwell, 1990
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Good Practice Case Study 4 Energy efficient rehabilitation of pre-1919 houses on Merseyside, 1976
Summarises the principal opportunities for improving energy efficiency in older, inner-city housing - mainly built before 1919, concentrating on Merseyside. Describes the benefits of such improvements in energy efficiency. It will be of interest to architects, builders, technical staff and managers of public-sector housing who wish to improve the energy efficiency of housing in the United Kingdom.
View Energy efficient rehabilitation of pre-1919 houses on Merseyside in The Construction Information Service

Good Practice Guide 5 Energy efficient new housing: masonry external walls, 1976
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Good Practice Case Study 5 Forest Hill, Conlig County Down, Northern Ireland, 1990
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Good Practice Case Study 6 Weybridge Meadow, Guildford, 1990
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Good Practice Case Study 7 Gonvena, Wadebridge, Cornwall, 1990
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Good Practice Case Study 8 Energy efficiency in new housing. Wordsworth Court, Cockermouth. Pilkington Commercial Property Ltd, 1990
View Energy efficiency in new housing. Wordsworth Court, Cockermouth. Pilkington Commercial Property Ltd in The Construction Information Service

Good Practice Case Study 9 Paddocks End, Milton Keynes, 1990
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Good Practice Case Study 10 Llanerchydol Park, Welshpool, 1990
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Good Practice Case Study 11 Bartley Meadow, Totton Hampshire, 1990
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Good Practice Case Study 12 The Cob, Tenterden, Kent, 1990
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Good Practice Case Study 18 Quadrant House, The Quadrant, Sutton, Surrey. Energy efficiency in 1980 high-rise through upgrading and energy management, 1991
View Quadrant House, The Quadrant, Sutton, Surrey. Energy efficiency in 1980 high-rise through upgrading and energy management in The Construction Information Service

Energy Consumption Guide 2 Energy efficiency in dwellings: a councillor's guide to affordable warmth for tenants, 1976
View Energy efficiency in dwellings: a councillor's guide to affordable warmth for tenants in The Construction Information Service

Good Practice Case Study 20 Refuge house, Wilmslow, Cheshire. New owner occupied offices designed for both natural ventilation and air conditioning, 1991
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New Practice Final Report 20 Low oxides of nitrogen condensing boilers in large residential buildings, 1995
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Good Practice Guide 79 Energy efficiency in new housing. Low energy design for housing associations, 1976
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Good Practice Guide 80 Refurbishment of high-rise dwellings - a strategic guide for local authority managers, 1994
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New Practice Final Report 80 New low energy multi-residential accommodation. Constable Terrace, University of East Anglia, 1995
View New low energy multi-residential accommodation. Constable Terrace, University of East Anglia in The Construction Information Service

Good Practice Guide 81 Refurbishment of existing dwellings - a strategic guide for private developers, 1994
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Good Practice Guide 82 Energy efficiency in housing - guidance for local authorities, 1997
This guide provide guidance on developing and managing housing energy efficiency strategies. As such it provides an important part of the framework supporting the Home Energy Conservation Act. The guide is aimed primarily at senior policy and decision makers in local authorities.
View Energy efficiency in housing - guidance for local authorities in The Construction Information Service

General Information Report 8 EEO/RIBA/BRECSU Energy efficient housing workshop manual, 1993
View EEO/RIBA/BRECSU Energy efficient housing workshop manual in The Construction Information Service

General Information Report 8 EEO/RIBA/BRECSU Energy efficient housing workshop worked examples, 1992
View EEO/RIBA/BRECSU Energy efficient housing workshop worked examples in The Construction Information Service

Good Practice Case Study 91 Giffard Park - solar design in energy efficient co-operative housing, 1992
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Good Practice Guide 93 Energy efficiency in new housing. Detailing for designers and building professionals. Key detailing principles, 1993
View Energy efficiency in new housing. Detailing for designers and building professionals. Key detailing principles in The Construction Information Service

Good Practice Guide 95 Energy efficiency in new housing. Detailing for designers and building professionals. External cavity walls, 1993
View Energy efficiency in new housing. Detailing for designers and building professionals. External cavity walls in The Construction Information Service

New Practice Profile 119 Hockerton housing project: design lessons for developers and clients, 2000
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Good Practice Case Study 121 Energy efficient refurbishment of high rise large panel system housing, 1996
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Good Practice Case Study 122 Energy efficient refurbishment of high rise no-fines concrete housing, 1997
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Good Practice Case Study 166 Energy efficient pattern book housing, 1993
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Good Practice Case Study 190 Energy efficient refurbishment of low rise housing, 1995
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Good Practice Guide 192 Designing energy efficient multi-residential buildings, 1997
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Future Practice R and D 2 Affordable new low energy housing for housing associations, 1992
The purpose of this report is to provide housing associations and their professional advisers with results from a study of ways of achieving higher standards of energy efficiency in new housing schemes within the existing housing corporation grant structure.
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Good Practice Guide 208 Providing energy advice to householders - a guide for local authorities and housing associations, 1996
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New Practice Initial Profile 21 Mechanical ventilation and heat recovery in high rise dwellings, 1993
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Good Practice Case Study 242 Good energy management in a medium-sized hotel. Copthorne Hotel, Plymouth, Devon, 1995
View Good energy management in a medium-sized hotel. Copthorne Hotel, Plymouth, Devon in The Construction Information Service

Good Practice Case Study 244 Energy efficient refurbishment of a medium sized hotel: Connaught Hotel, Bournemouth, Dorset, 1996
View Energy efficient refurbishment of a medium sized hotel: Connaught Hotel, Bournemouth, Dorset in The Construction Information Service

Good Practice Case Study 257 Northern Ireland's energy saver house, 1995
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Good Practice Guide 296 Refurbishment site guidance for solid walled houses - roofs, 2000
Aimed at architects, builders, local authorities and housing associations. This guide provides advice on which insulation methods are most appropriate for roofs and the thickness of insulation needed to achieve a good level of energy efficiency.
View Refurbishment site guidance for solid walled houses - roofs in The Construction Information Service

Good Practice Case Study 296 Munich Park Hilton Hotel, Germany: energy costs controlled as part of an environmental management programme, 1995
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Good Practice Guide 297 Refurbishment site guidance for solid walled houses - walls, 2000
Aimed at architects, builders, local authorities and housing associations. This guide provides advice on which insulation methods are most appropriate for walls and the thickness of insulation needed to achieve a good level of energy efficiency.
View Refurbishment site guidance for solid walled houses - walls in The Construction Information Service

Good Practice Case Study 297 Derwentwater Hotel, Keswick, United Kingdom: a case study in energy and environmental management, 1995
View Derwentwater Hotel, Keswick, United Kingdom: a case study in energy and environmental management in The Construction Information Service

Good Practice Case Study 306 Application of energy efficient pattern book housing, 1996
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Good Practice Case Study 340 Environmentally sensitive housing - Dallow Road, Luton, 1997
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Good Practice Case Study 347 Building in energy efficiency - CALA homes, Meriden, Warwickshire, 1996
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General Information Report 38 Review of ultra-low-energy homes, 1996
The purpose of the investigation was to assess how many ultra-low-energy homes have been constructed and their potential for wider replication.
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General Information Report 53 Building a sustainable future - homes for an autonomous community, 1998
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New Practice Initial Profile 90 Low energy multi-residential housing: Abraham Building, Linacre College, Oxford, 1995
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New Practice Initial Profile 91 Energy efficient multi-residential accommodation: Panns Bank, University of Sunderland, 1995
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New Practice Initial Profile 95 Whole house mechanical ventilation with heat recovery in low-rise social housing, 1996
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Building Research Establishment

Good Building Guide 11 Supplementary guidance for assessment of timber-framed houses: Part 1 examination, 1993
This two-part guide supplements existing inspection procedures for timber-framed houses. Part 1 includes guidance on visual re-examination of the building exterior and interior and then considers how to examine the wall cavity and frame if a deficiency related to structural stability, durability or fire protection is suspected.
View Supplementary guidance for assessment of timber-framed houses: Part 1 examination in The Construction Information Service

Good Building Guide 12 Supplementary guidance for assessment of timber-framed houses: Part 2 interpretation, 1993
With timber-framed houses, site findings and observations require careful interpretation during the preparation of a condition report. This Guide shows how to assess the significance of key observations and readings which may have been taken during an earlier survey or supplementary inspection. This guide includes new advice for assessing building condition, and identifying any need for remedial work. Although intended for use with conventional timber frame design, the guidance has general applicability to less common timber frame systems.
View Supplementary guidance for assessment of timber-framed houses: Part 2 interpretation in The Construction Information Service

Information Paper 20/89 Energy-efficient refurbishment of electrically heated high-rise flats, 1989
This paper describes the results and lessons learned from the extensive monitoring of two blocks of high-rise flats which had a comprehensive package of energy efficiency measures included as part of a major refurbishment programme.
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Information Paper 24/89 Improving energy efficiency in housing, 1989
This paper summarises the principal opportunities for improving energy efficiency in both new and existing housing. It draws, in part, on the experience gained from projects carried out under the Energy Efficiency Demonstration Scheme.
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Information Paper 4/91 Improving the energy efficient performance of high rise housing, 1991
High-rise blocks account for 5% to 6% of public-sector housing in the United Kingdom. Many of these blocks are now more than 20 years old and need major refurbishment. The costly alternative in many cases is demolition and rehousing of the occupants. A refurbishment package featuring energy-efficient measures can be a worthwhile option, but in relatively few cases has it been undertaken. This paper draws on a survey of high-rise housing owned by 10 local authorities, highlights some of the problems, and suggests strategic improvements in the way the buildings are refurbished and managed.
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Information Paper 13/91 Energy-efficient rehabilitation of pre-1919 housing, 1991
Summarises the principal opportunities for improving energy efficiency in older, inner-city housing - mainly built before 1919 - and described the benefits of such improvements. It will be of interest to architects, builders, technical staff and managers of public-sector housing, and others who wish to improve the energy efficiency of housing in the United Kingdom.
View Energy-efficient rehabilitation of pre-1919 housing in The Construction Information Service

Information Paper 9/94 Future energy use and carbon dioxide emissions for UK housing: a scenario, 1994
This paper describes a method of estimating future energy use and carbon dioxide emissions for the United Kingdom housing stock and presents the results of a scenario based on this method. This method relies on BRE's energy balance model BREHOMES and the resulting scenario can be used to judge progress towards the UK's aim, under the Climate Change Convention, of returning carbon dioxide emissions to 1990 levels by the year 2000.
View Future energy use and carbon dioxide emissions for UK housing: a scenario in The Construction Information Service

Information Paper 15/94 Energy efficiency in new housing, 1994
Case studies show the marketing advantage of an energy efficiency specification for new housing, and how higher standards can be achieved at little or no extra cost. This paper advocates an integrated approach to energy-efficient design and is intended for architects, designers and specifiers of new social and private housing.
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Information Paper 20/94 Energy use in the housing stock, 1994
This paper provides information about energy use and energy efficiency trends in British homes since 1970. It demonstrates that energy efficiency measures have played a very important part in keeping average dwelling energy consumption relatively constant and in helping to reduce associated carbon dioxide emissions, while also making it possible to achieve improved levels of service.
View Energy use in the housing stock in The Construction Information Service

Information Paper 4/95 Guide to the development of BREDEM, 1995
This paper describes the development of the BRE Domestic Energy Model (BREDEM). It acts as a guide to the different versions of the model and indicates the likely direction of future developments.
View Guide to the development of BREDEM in The Construction Information Service

Information Paper 15/95 Potential carbon emission savings from energy efficiency in housing, 1995
This paper analyses the extent to which carbon emissions could be reduced by simple energy-efficiency measures in the housing stock. It will be of interest to those wishing to gain an overview of the scope for housing-related energy savings through increased efficiency.
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Information Paper 7/97 Energy use and carbon dioxide emissions for UK housing: two possible scenarios, 1997
This paper presents the results of two possible scenarios for energy use and carbon dioxide emissions of the UK housing stock, developed using the BREHOMES model. One of them represents what is likely to happen if current trends continue. The second represents what could happen if the rates of uptake of energy efficiency methods increased. It shows that reductions in carbon dioxide emissions could be considerable: by 2020 they could amount to about 25 PJ (or 21 million tonnes of carbon dioxide) per year representing roughly 13% of the corresponding energy use and carbon dioxide emissions both now, and at current trends, in 2020. Furthermore, the cost savings if rates of energy efficiency improvement increase, are shown to be considerably greater than the extra expenditures when assessed over the period up to 2020.
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Information Paper 15/05 Scope for reducing carbon emissions from housing, 2005
Evaluates the scope for cost-effective reductions in emissions through energy efficiency measures in housing. From a starting point of 2001, it considers the potential for reductions by 2010, 2020 and 2050.
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Report 253 BRE housing design handbook, 1993
This book will be useful to designers of new and refurbished housing, irrespective of their experience. It is intended to help clients, contractors, developers and all those involved in the process of house building, in both the private and public sectors, to appreciate the wide range of user requirements that must be addressed in the design of housing. As a reference book it provides a means of checking that housing design criteria have been met adequately. It also suggests how to achieve customer satisfaction by meeting their most important needs.
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Digest 355 Energy efficiency in dwellings, 1990
This Digest identifies which factors determine the energy requirements of a dwelling and describes the methods used to assess energy efficiency. The levels required by the Building Regulations for new dwellings are discussed. Improvements to the energy efficiency of existing buildings are also considered, taking account of the opportunities that arise when major refurbishments are carried out.
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Report 480 Reducing carbon emissions from the UK housing stock, 2005
Considers a wide range of energy efficiency measures and for each one assesses the potential carbon savings and their cost-effectiveness. Also focuses on the effectiveness of energy efficiency policies within the domestic sector, using historical data to assess the savings that have been achieved and to compare the effects of the different policies. Looks at the potential future carbon emissions from the housing stock and considers five separate scenarios.
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Environmental Publication EP62 Rammed earth: design and construction guidelines, 2005
Compiled specifically to inform, develop and promote the use of rammed earth wall construction in the UK. Seeks to encourage the greater use of rammed earth, free from additives such as cement, as an alternative, sustainable wall building material. Covers general design considerations, material properties, testing and selection, engineering design, wall construction, construction details, and maintenance and repair procedures.
View Rammed earth: design and construction guidelines in The Construction Information Service

Centre for Alternative Technology

Energy saving house, 2003
Looks at the ways in which you can minimise your energy consumption, reduce your impact on the planet and save money. From construction to renovation, white goods to heating systems, maintenance to running costs, this concise book is an invaluable guide to energy saving for all homeowners. Introducing the 'negawatt': a method for measuring your energy savings.

CIRIA

Report R 105 Energy efficient new housing: a guide to the design and construction of low rise single occupancy housing for energy efficiency, 1984
Brings together in one document information about energy efficiency in estate layout and house design; achieving thermal insulation standards above the Building Regulations minima; ventilation control; design of services; avoidance of adverse side effects; striking the best balance between various requirements. Illustrated sections show precautions needed in detailing roofs, floors and walls. Work examples show how to evaluate the efficiency of and cost benefits from energy efficient design.
View Energy efficient new housing: a guide to the design and construction of low rise single occupancy housing for energy efficiency in The Construction Information Service

Department of Trade and Industry

Beddington zero (fossil) energy development: toolkit for carbon neutral developments, 2003
A practical guide to producing carbon neutral developments and how to afford them. Based on the achievements at BedZED it describes all the measures taken on the scheme to reduce environmental impact during occupation. Includes technical descriptions, monitoring results, and financial mechanisms that have allowed the innovations at BedZED to become a reality. Also links with the more recent 'ZED in a box' design which represents the next generation of the ZED design and development process incorporating further improvements since BedZED.

Beddington zero (fossil) energy development: construction materials report, 2002
Describes the choices of construction materials made at BedZED. Quantifies the environmental benefits of these choices, using BRE's environmental profiling methodology. Also describes how the materials were sourced, specified and used and provides case studies for individual materials and cost comparisons with alternatives. The information is suitable for anyone who is involved in construction from architects to council planners, volume house builders to one-off self-build projects.

Environmental Change Institute

40% house, 2005
Summarises the main findings and recommendations of the 40% House project, which investigated how the UK Government's commitment to a 60% cut in carbon emissions from 1997 levels by 2050 can be realised in the residential sector, so that the typical home becomes a '40% House'. Covers views of the future; households and living space; thermal comfort and control; building fabric and housing stock; lights and appliances; provision of heating and electricity through low and zero carbon technologies; electricity and gas implications; and finally, achieving the 40% House scenario.
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Hastoe Housing Association

Foundations for the future - part 2: checklists for sustainability, 2002
Guide for all the staff of housing associations, with a suggested process for improving sustainability, illustrated with over 30 case studies.
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Foundations for the future - part 1: the case for sustainability, 2002
Guide for boards and senior staff of housing associations, setting out the case for sustainability and explaining how associations can take a strategic approach to sustainable development.
View Foundations for the future - part 1: the case for sustainability in The Construction Information Service

New Society Publishers

Homeowners' guide to renewable energy: achieving energy independence through solar, wind, biomass and hydropower, 2006
The coming energy crisis caused by a peak in global oil and natural gas production will profoundly affect the lives of all North Americans. As the price of these fuels rises, homeowners will scramble to cut their fuel bills. Two options for meeting the upcoming challenge are; dramatic improvements in home energy efficiency; and efforts to tap into clean, affordable, renewable energy resources to heat and cool homes, to provide hot water and electricity, and even to cook. These measures can result in huge savings and a level of energy independence. The Homeowner's Guide to Renewable Energy tells you how these goals can be achieved.

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