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Walls/masonry/cavity walls

Brick Development Association

Properties of Bricks and Mortar Generally 1.3 Use of traditional lime mortars in modern brickwork, 2001
Mortars of this type are made with sand and use lime as a binder. There are two basic types of lime for traditional lime mortars - non-hydraulic and hydraulic limes. They should not be confused with sand, lime and Portland cement mortars, regardless of the relative proportions of the lime and Portland cement.
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Properties of Bricks and Mortar Generally 1.4 Observations on the use of reclaimed clay bricks, 2001
The appeal of using reclaimed bricks is that they may have developed a particular character, being fully matured and weathered, and depending on the situation it may be more 'environmentally friendly' to use a reclaimed brick. Currently reclaimed bricks have a certain cachet, they are less widely available, more expensive and have a distinctive appearance. The following notes raise points to consider when comparing reclaimed bricks with new, and describe the process of reclaiming bricks.
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Building Research Energy Conservation Support Unit

Good Practice Case Study 3 Retrofitted cavity wall insulation, Bournville Village Trust, 1990
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Good Practice Guide 5 Energy efficient new housing: masonry external walls, 1976
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Good Practice Guide 6 Energy efficiency in new housing: timber framed external walls, 1990
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Good Practice Guide 26 Cavity wall insulation in existing housing, 1993
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Good Practice Case Study 63 Cavity wall insulation in existing dwellings - mineral wool insulation, 1996
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Good Practice Case Study 66 Cavity wall insulation in existing dwellings. Urea formaldehyde foam, 1994
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Good Practice Guide 95 Energy efficiency in new housing. Detailing for designers and building professionals. External cavity walls, 1993
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Good Practice Guide 102 Energy efficiency in new housing. Site practice for tradesmen. External walls: injected cavity insulation, 1993
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Good Practice Guide 103 Energy efficiency in new housing. Site practice for tradesmen. External walls: full fill insulation batts, 1993
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Good Practice Guide 104 Energy efficiency in new housing. Site practice for tradesmen. External walls: partial fill insulation, 1993
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Good Practice Guide 175 Energy efficient refurbishment of low rise cavity wall housing, 1995
Enormous potential exists for improving the energy efficiency of the UK's cavity construction housing stock. Local authorities, housing associations and private developers taking over public sector housing all have a strong interest in seeing that this potential is realised. The essential elements of a successful refurbishment project are discussed in the Guide, along with the advantages of using an integrated approach. Housing built between the 1920s and 1950s may, because of its age, require major upgrading such as the installation of damp proof courses and roof renewal. Much of the housing built in the 1960s and the 1970s, including flats and maisonette blocks, now needs improvement. Regardless of its age, whenever major repairs to a building are carried out the opportunities may exist to improve its energy efficiency. Even if no other works are required, a package of cost-effective energy measures can usually be installed at low cost, either as part of a comprehensive 'one-off' package or as a series of works phased over a longer period.
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General Information Leaflet 23 Cavity wall insulation: unlocking the potential in existing dwellings, 1998
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Good Practice Case Study 283 Energy efficiency in existing housing - cavity wall insulation in Northern Ireland housing executive's stock, 1995
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Good Practice Case Study 317 Energy efficient refurbishment of cavity walled houses, 1996
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Good Practice Case Study 318 Energy efficient refurbishment of cavity walled flats, 1996
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Building Research Establishment

Information Paper 3/03 Dynamic insulation for energy saving and comfort, 2003
A dynamic insulation system is one that works by drawing outdoor air into a building through an insulation layer which is permeable to air. Describes what constitutes a dynamic insulation system and discusses energy savings and practicalities of building with dynamic insulation. It also discusses some of the design and buildability issues gained from practical experience.
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Report 262 Thermal insulation: avoiding risks. 3rd edition, 2002
Explains the technical risks which may be associated with meeting the building regulation requirements for thermal insulation for the major elements of the building. For Roofs and Floors, there are further sub-divisions within each element. Concentrates on loadbearing masonry, timber frame constructions and profiled sheet cladding. Illustrations show construction principles and good practice. This updated edition contains a number of revisions resulting from developments in research, changes in. materials, construction techniques and the building regulations.
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Digest 337 Sound insulation: basic principles (1994 revision), 1994
There appear to be many different constructional techniques available to provide a reasonable standard of sound insulation between dwellings. They are all based on a few simple principles and once these are understood the designer will be able to adapt designs to particular requirements. The Digest explains the terminology and basic principles of the subject.
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Report 347 Energy efficient in situ concrete housing using EPS permanent formwork, 1998
The provision of insulation in strategic locations and other measures to limit rapid internal temperature fluctuations through loss of heat are now well established. This report investigates the methods of housing construction which involve the use of EPS insulating formwork systems.
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English Heritage

Practical building conservation. Volume 1: Stone masonry, 1988
Covers the repair and maintenance of stone. The book deals with diagnosing problems, routine maintenance, repair and replacement of all types of stone structures. Controlling organic growth is included as well as methods of grouting. Detailed sections explain the methods of repairing with mortar, masonry cleaning and its long-term effects, and how to clean and treat marble and limestone. Finally the authors analyse the effects of masonry consolidants and colourless water repellent treatment.
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Office of the Deputy Prime Minister

Building Regulations 2000: Approved Documents C Site preparation and resistance to contaminants and moisture, 2004
Includes Part C1 - Site preparation and resistance to contaminants and Part C2 - Resistance to moisture.
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Waste disposal/drainage

British Standards Institution

BS 5906:1980 Code of practice for storage and on-site treatment of solid waste from buildings, 1980
Deals with waste from residential and commercial buildings and hospitals (excluding medical waste) and lays down recommended practices of collection and good hygiene.
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BS EN 12255-1:2002 Wastewater treatment plants. General construction principle, 2002
General requirements for wastewater treatment plants used for treatment of domestic and municipal wastewater with a total population of more than 50 PT. The basic details covered include general, structural and design requirements; the requirements for equipment; some test methods and explanatory notes are given for the design service life and structural tolerances.
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BS EN 12255-5:1999 Wastewater treatment plants. Lagooning process, 1999

BS EN 12566-1:2000 Small wastewater treatment systems for up to 50 PT. Prefabricated septic tanks (AMD 14918), 2000
This part of this standard specifies the requirements for prefabricated septic tanks and ancillary equipment used for the partial treatment of domestic wastewater for a population up to 50 PT.
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Building Research Establishment

Digest 365 Soakaway design. 2003 revision, 1991
Soakaways have been the traditional way to dispose of stormwater from buildings and paved areas remote from a public sewer or watercourse. In recent years, soakaways have been used within urban, fully-sewered areas to limit the impact on discharge of new upstream building works and to avoid costs of sewer up-grading outside a development. Soakaways are seen increasingly as a more widely applicable option alongside other means of stormwater control and disposal. Describes design and construction procedures, explains how to calculate rainfall design values and soil infiltration rates, and gives some design examples.
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Good Building Guide 38 Disposing of rainwater, 2000
Getting rainwater off the roof, down to the ground and away from the building is not always as simple as it seems. All the rain falling on the building has to be led down to ground level without spilling, and into a below-ground drainage system. And that system has to be able to cope with potentially large and sudden influxes of storm water. This guide shows to how avoid some common pitfalls in roof drainage systems and soakaways for new housing.
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Good Building Guide 42 Part 1 Reed beds: application and specification, 2000
The proposed revised Part H of the Building Regulations, and proposed Part M of the Technical Standards both make reference to reed bed systems for treating domestic wastewater. This guide describes typical applications and design specifications for reed beds treating settled domestic wastewater.
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Good Building Guide 42 Part 2 Reed beds: design, construction and maintenance, 2000
The proposed revised Part H of the Building Regulations, and proposed Part M of the Technical Standards both make reference to reed bed systems for treating domestic wastewater. This guide describes typical applications and design specifications for reed beds treating settled domestic wastewater.
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Report 420 Reed beds for the treatment of domestic wastewater, 2001
This report has drawn upon work from around the world to produce an up to date guide to reed beds. The design guidance contained in this report covers the most common types of reed beds that are likely to be employed in the UK in the near future. The common systems covered are: Vertical flow, Horizontal flow, for secondary treatment, and. Horizontal flow, for tertiary treatment.
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Report 478 Mound filter systems for the treatment of domestic wastewater, 2005
Incorporates new findings into the established guidance on siting, design and construction of mounds receiving domestic septic tank effluent. Where there is a range of possible design solutions, this guide explains the options that are available and suggests solutions.
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CIRIA

Publication C635 Designing for exceedance in urban drainage - good practice, 2006
Provides good practice for the design and management of urban sewerage and drainage systems to reduce the impacts from drainage exceedance. It includes information on the effective design of both underground systems and overland flood conveyance. It also provides advice on risk assessment procedures and planning to reduce the impacts that extreme events may have on people and property within the surrounding area.
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Department of the Environment

Industry Profile Waste recycling, treatment and disposal sites: hazardous waste treatment plants, 1996
To provide regulators, developers and other interested parties with authoritative and researched advice on how best to identify, assess and tackle the problems associated with land contamination. The publications cannot address the specific circumstances of each site, since every site is unique. The Contaminated Land Research Report series deals with information needed to assess risks - procedures for categorising and assessing risks - and evaluation and selection of remedial measures.
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Industry Profile Waste recycling, treatment and disposal sites: solvent recovery works, 1996
To provide regulators, developers and other interested parties with authoritative and researched advice on how best to identify, assess and tackle the problems associated with land contamination. The publications cannot address the specific circumstances of each site, since every site is unique. The Contaminated Land Research Report series deals with information needed to assess risks - procedures for categorising and assessing risks - and evaluation and selection of remedial measures.
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Industry Profile Waste recycling, treatment and disposal sites: drum and tank cleaning and recycling plants, 1996
To provide regulators, developers and other interested parties with authoritative and researched advice on how best to identify, assess and tackle the problems associated with land contamination. The publications cannot address the specific circumstances of each site, since every site is unique. The Contaminated Land Research Report series deals with information needed to assess risks - procedures for categorising and assessing risks - and evaluation and selection of remedial measures.
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Industry Profile Sewage works and sewage farms, 1995
To provide regulators, developers and other interested parties with authoritative and researched advice on how best to identify, assess and tackle the problems associated with land contamination. The publications cannot address the specific circumstances of each site, since every site is unique. The Contaminated Land Research Report series deals with information needed to assess risks - procedures for categorising and assessing risks - and evaluation and selection of remedial measures.
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Industry Profile Waste recycling, treatment and disposal sites: metal recycling sites, 1995
To provide regulators, developers and other interested parties with authoritative and researched advice on how best to identify, assess and tackle the problems associated with land contamination. The publications cannot address the specific circumstances of each site, since every site is unique. The Contaminated Land Research Report series deals with information needed to assess risks - procedures for categorising and assessing risks - and evaluation and selection of remedial measures.
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Environment Agency

Pollution Prevention Guidelines PPG3 Use and design of oil separators in surface water drainage systems, 2006
These guidelines are intended to assist in deciding on the need for an oil separator at a site and the size and type of separator which is appropriate. Describes how oil separators works, where they are needed, choosing the right separator, types and classes of separator, sizes, closure devices and alarms. Also looks at installation and labelling, maintenance and use, waste management and emergencies.
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Waste Management

Building Research Establishment

Information Paper 9/03 Best practice of timber waste management, 2003
Presents the practical issues that affect timber waste in UK construction. Describes timber sources, composition, use and waste, and markets for recycling and disposal together with the plant and machinery necessary to exploit this resource. It proposes a timber waste classification. The various types of equipment for processing waste timber are listed; legislation covering the disposal of waste timber is briefly mentioned. This material is then drawn together to provide the best practicable environmental option for timber waste, and a model is tested to provide two examples of what could be achieved.
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Information Paper 09/05 Using small volume wastes in construction, 2005
Gives the main findings of a project to examine the non-technical barriers to using small volume wastes (SVWs) as raw materials in construction. The project examined a limited range of industries in UK and concentrated primarily on materials with potential applications in cementitious products, aggregates, fill and hardcore. Reviews the locations, tonnages, and current and potential uses of a range of SVWs identified under the project, describes the barriers to their use and proposes strategies to overcome them.
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Building Services Research and Information Association

Facilities Management Specification 2 Standard specification for waste management, 1998
This document is intended to facilitate and encourage best practice in waste management. It is designed specifically for use by facilities managers to help identify waste disposal requirements, make informed choices about the method of disposal required, and implement any internal systems necessary to enable such methods to be employed.
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CIRIA

Special Publication SP 133 Waste minimisation in construction: site guide, 1997
The waste you create on site is no longer wasted if you or others can reuse or recycle it. The amount of waste that you need to think about can itself be reduced by careful storage and handling of materials. Every year in the UK our industry generates some 70 million tonnes of construction and demolition waste - much of which is driven off site and dumped in a landfill. This is not very cost-effective because landfill is expensive, and the addition of a landfill tax makes it even more costly. Indeed, time and money are wasted all along the line - buying materials that are wasted, storing the resulting waste, transporting and dumping it. Additionally, you lose the income that would have been gained by salvaging it. It is also environmentally irresponsible to produce excessive quantities of waste. It is easy to make excuses for not changing the way we do things. This handbook clearly identifies the choices available for dealing with specific construction and demolition wastes, showing what can be effectively reduced, reused or recycled - and how to take action now.
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Special Publication SP 134 Waste minimisation and recycling in construction: design manual, 1998
This manual outlines three waste minimisation mechanisms; reducing the resources needed for construction; reducing the quantity of waste generated from construction and demolition sites and; improving the reclamation of materials from the waste stream.
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Special Publication SP 135 Waste minimisation and recycling in construction - boardroom handbook, 1999
This handbook identifies key actions that boards can initiate to facilitate waste minimisation.
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Council for the Protection of Rural England

Coal mining and colliery spoil disposal, 1994
This document considers coal mining and colliery spoil disposal and its effect on the countryside.
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Policy Position Statement Waste, 2006
CPRE's policy on waste.
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Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs

Changes to waste management decision making principles in waste strategy 2000, 2005
Presents amendments to the waste strategy for England and Wales 2000.
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Explanatory memorandum to the waste management licensing (England and Wales) (amendment and related provisions) (No.3) regulations 2005. SI 2005/1728, 2005
This explanatory memorandum relates to the waste management licensing (England and Wales) (amendment and related provisions) (No.3) regulations 2005.
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Department for Transport, Local Government and the Regions

Guidance on policies for waste management planning, 2002
Guidance to assist Waste Planning Authorities in the preparation of their development plans taking into account international and national waste policy. Covers aspects most appropriately dealt with at the regional level and by individual waste planning authorities.
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Department of the Environment

Industry Profile Waste recycling, treatment and disposal sites: solvent recovery works, 1996
To provide regulators, developers and other interested parties with authoritative and researched advice on how best to identify, assess and tackle the problems associated with land contamination. The publications cannot address the specific circumstances of each site, since every site is unique. The Contaminated Land Research Report series deals with information needed to assess risks - procedures for categorising and assessing risks - and evaluation and selection of remedial measures.
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Industry Profile Waste recycling, treatment and disposal sites: metal recycling sites, 1995
To provide regulators, developers and other interested parties with authoritative and researched advice on how best to identify, assess and tackle the problems associated with land contamination. The publications cannot address the specific circumstances of each site, since every site is unique. The Contaminated Land Research Report series deals with information needed to assess risks - procedures for categorising and assessing risks - and evaluation and selection of remedial measures.
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Industry Profile Waste recycling, treatment and disposal sites: hazardous waste treatment plants, 1996
To provide regulators, developers and other interested parties with authoritative and researched advice on how best to identify, assess and tackle the problems associated with land contamination. The publications cannot address the specific circumstances of each site, since every site is unique. The Contaminated Land Research Report series deals with information needed to assess risks - procedures for categorising and assessing risks - and evaluation and selection of remedial measures.
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Waste Management Paper 4 Licensing of waste management facilities, 1994
Guidance on the drafting of Waste Management Licences.
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Circular 6/95 Environmental protection act 1990: part II. Waste management licensing - the framework directive on waste, 1995
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Circular 6/96 Environmental protection act 1990: part II. Special waste regulations 1996, 1996
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Planning Policy Guidance Note PPG 23 Planning and pollution control, 1994
This PPG gives guidance on the relevance of pollution controls to the exercise of planning functions and also provides guidance to planning authorities on the implementation of the EC Waste Framework Directive.
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Environmental Protection Agency

European waste catalogue and hazardous waste list, 2002
Designed to ease the task of classifying waste and hazardous waste and understanding the legislation associated with the classification of waste and hazardous waste. The document may be used in classifying all wastes and hazardous wastes. Much of the introductory text is reproduced in full from the legislation, with the addition in places of explanatory notes. The source of reproduced text is clearly indicated in each case. Future amendments to the legislation will be incorporated into future editions of this document.
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Legislation - Scotland

Scottish Statutory Instruments SSI 2004/275 Waste management licensing amendment (Scotland) regulations 2004, 2004
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Thomas Telford

Practical guide to waste management law, 2004
Commercial and environmental effects of new waste management laws and practices are explained with reference to relevant websites, which will be the responsibility of the Environment Agency, SEPA, Local Authorities, the Health and Safety Executive, the Vehicle Operator Services Agency, Customs and Excise and other named agencies. Intended primarily for engineers, surveyors, building contractors, accountants, geologists, environmental scientists, insurers and controllers of financial liability, transportation managers, local and central government regulators and enforcers, and all who produce, manage, transport, reuse, reclaim and recycle waste.

United Nations University Press

Bioenergy primer: modernised biomass energy for sustainable development, 2000
Energy derived from wood and other plant matter. Issues covered are energy and sustainable human development, bioenergy sources, socio-economic issues, Environment and technologies to convert biomass into modern energy. Implementation and replication of projects are backed by case studies.
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